The Differences between a Film and Digital Camera;

In a digital camera, point of light are detected and each end point is assigned a value representing colour and intensity.  This is called a pixel. The collection of pixels are saved to different kinds of media such as a flash card, magnetic disk, optical disk and sometimes even something entirely different. The resulting file can be read by imaging software and the photo can then be printed.

Film Camera Points of light are detected and each point is recorded by a grain of chemical material that is light sensitive. The chemical material can be processed in a lab and turned into negatives and/or prints or transparencies. The resulting image can be put in a book, framed and put on your desk or just thrown into an old shoe box.

Lighting;

There are many different types of lighting used in photography for shooting different pictures.

Backlighting: Light coming from behind the subject, toward the camera lens, so that the subject stands out vividly against the background. Sometimes produces a silhouette effect.

Side lighting: Light falling on a subject from the side relative to the camera position and can add drama but can also cause extreme, hard-to-print contrasts.

Full frontal lighting: is the most in vogue but it reveals every detail. The light is at the back of the photographer beaming at the face of the subject highlighting every detail. This often results in an unexciting and flat look of your subjects.

Artificial lighting: is anything that is not natural outdoor light. The most common types of artificial light results from your built-in camera flash.

Diffused Lighting: That is when you want to soften the incoming light and reduce some of the contrast for a more pleasing photograph.

Lenses:

A photographic lens, which can also be known as a an objective lens or a photographic object, is an optical lens which can be used in conjunction with a camera body to make images of objects on either a photographic film or on other media capable of storing an image either chemically or electronically.

A lens may be permanently fixed to a camera or it may be interchangeable with lenses of different apertures,  focal lengths and other properties.

The two main parameters of a photographic lens are the maximum focal length and apertures.

The focal length shows the angle of view and the size of the image, whereas the aperture limits the brightness of the image and the fastest shutter speed usable .

• Normal lens: angle of view of the diagonal about 50° and a focal length approximately equal to the diagonal produces this angle.
• Macro lens: angle of view narrower than 25° and focal length longer than normal. These lenses are used for close-ups, e.g., for images of the same size as the object. They usually feature a flat field as well, which means that the subject plane is exactly parallel with the film plane.
• Wide-angle lens: angle of view wider than 60° and focal length shorter than normal.
• Telephoto lens or long-focus lens: angle of view narrower and focal length longer than normal. A distinction is sometimes made between a long-focus lens and a true telephoto lens: the telephoto lens uses a telephoto group to be physically shorter than its focal length.

Flash:

There are many different types of flash photography, and each can make a photo look completely different.

Advanced digital compact cameras have a built in flash.

SLR cameras have a hot shoe. They have full capability for all types of flash photography or studio lighting.